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                    2.2 传递参数
            
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                    2.3 转移所有权
            
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                    2.4 确定线程数量
            
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                    2.5 线程标识
            
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                    2.6 本章总结
            
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                    第3章 共享数据
            
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                    3.1 共享数据的问题
            
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                    3.2 使用互斥量
            
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                    3.3 保护共享数据的方式
            
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                    3.4 本章总结
            
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                    第4章 同步操作
            
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                    4.1 等待事件或条件
            
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                    4.2 使用future
            
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                    4.3 限时等待
            
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                    4.4 简化代码
            
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                    4.5 本章总结
            
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                    第5章 内存模型和原子操作
            
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                    5.1 内存模型
            
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                    5.2 原子操作和原子类型
            
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                    5.3 同步操作和强制排序
            
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                    5.4 本章总结
            
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                    第6章 设计基于锁的并发数据结构
            
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                    6.1 并发设计的意义
            
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                    6.2 基于锁的并发数据结构
            
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                    6.3 设计更加复杂的数据结构
            
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                    6.4 本章总结
            
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                    第7章 设计无锁的并发数据结构
            
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                    7.1 定义和意义
            
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                    7.2 无锁数据结构的例子
            
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                    7.3 设计无锁数据结构的指导建议
            
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                    7.4 本章总结
            
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                    第8章 并发设计
            
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                    8.1 线程间划分工作
            
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                    8.2 并发代码的性能
            
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                    8.3 为多线程性能设计数据结构
            
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                    8.4 设计并发代码的注意事项
            
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                    8.5 在实践中设计并发代码
            
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                    8.6 本章总结
            
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                    第9章 高级线程管理
            
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                    9.1 线程池
            
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                    9.2 中断线程
            
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                    9.3 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17" data-path="../chapter10/10.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    第10章 并行算法
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17.1" data-path="../chapter10/10.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    10.1 并行化标准库算法
            
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                    10.2 执行策略
            
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                    10.3 C++标准库中的并行算法
            
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                    10.4 本章总结
            
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                    第11章 测试和调试多线程应用
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.1" data-path="../chapter11/11.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    11.1 与并发相关的Bug
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.2" data-path="../chapter11/11.2-chinese.html">
            
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                    11.2 定位并发Bug的技巧
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.3" data-path="../chapter11/11.3-chinese.html">
            
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                    11.3 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19" data-path="../appendix_A/A.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    附录A C++11特性简明参考(部分)
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.1" data-path="../appendix_A/A.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.1 右值引用
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.2" data-path="../appendix_A/A.2-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.2 删除函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.3" data-path="../appendix_A/A.3-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.3 默认函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.4" data-path="../appendix_A/A.4-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.4 常量表达式函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.5" data-path="../appendix_A/A.5-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.5 Lambda函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.6" data-path="../appendix_A/A.6-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.6 变参模板
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.7" data-path="../appendix_A/A.7-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.7 自动推导变量类型
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.8" data-path="../appendix_A/A.8-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.8 线程本地变量
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.9" data-path="../appendix_A/A.9-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.9 模板类参数的推导
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.10" data-path="../appendix_A/A.10-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.10 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.20" data-path="../appendix_B/B.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    附录B 并发库简要对比
            
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                    附录C 消息传递框架与完整的ATM示例
            
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                    附录D C++线程类库参考
            
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                                <h1 id="22-&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x53C2;&#x6570;">2.2 &#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</h1>
<p>&#x5982;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;2.4&#x6240;&#x793A;&#xFF0C;&#x5411;&#x53EF;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x6216;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5F88;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5C06;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A; <code>std::thread</code>&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x9644;&#x52A0;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#x3002;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4F1A;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x81F3;&#x65B0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x4E2D;(&#x540C;&#x4E34;&#x65F6;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4E00;&#x6837;)&#x3002;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x662F;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x4E5F;&#x4F1A;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x3002;&#x6765;&#x770B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">f</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i, <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span>&amp; s)</span></span>;
<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-function">thread <span class="hljs-title">t</span><span class="hljs-params">(f, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span>)</span></span>;
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8C03;&#x7528;f(3, &quot;hello&quot;)&#x7684;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x3002;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#xFF0C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;f&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>std::string</code>&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x4E2A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x9762;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;<code>char const *</code>&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x5B57;&#x9762;&#x503C;&#x5411;<code>std::string</code>&#x7684;&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x3002;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7279;&#x522B;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#xFF0C;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">f</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i,<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span>&amp; s)</span></span>;
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">oops</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> some_param)</span>
</span>{
  <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> buffer[<span class="hljs-number">1024</span>]; <span class="hljs-comment">// 1</span>
  <span class="hljs-built_in">sprintf</span>(buffer, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;%i&quot;</span>,some_param);
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-function">thread <span class="hljs-title">t</span><span class="hljs-params">(f,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,buffer)</span></span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// 2</span>
  t.detach();
}
</code></pre>
<p>buffer&#x2460;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x6B64;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;buffer&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x5230;&#x65B0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x2461;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;<code>oops</code>&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;buffer&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x6210;<code>std::string</code>&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x7ED3;&#x675F;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x800C;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x672A;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#xFF0C;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x9690;&#x5F0F;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x548C;<code>std::thread</code>&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7684;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;<code>std::thread</code>&#x7684;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;(buffer&#x6307;&#x9488;)&#x3002;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x5230;<code>std::thread</code>&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x5C06;&#x5B57;&#x9762;&#x503C;&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x4E3A;<code>std::string</code>&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++">void f(int i,std::string const&amp; s);
void not_oops(int some_param)
{
  char buffer[1024];
  sprintf(buffer,&quot;%i&quot;,some_param);
  std::thread t(f,3,std::string(buffer));  // &#x4F7F;&#x7528;std::string&#xFF0C;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x60AC;&#x7A7A;&#x6307;&#x9488;
  t.detach();
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x76F8;&#x53CD;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x5F62;(&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x91CF;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x590D;&#x5236;&#x4E86;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;)&#x5012;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x4F1A;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x3002;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">update_data_for_widget</span><span class="hljs-params">(widget_id w,widget_data&amp; data)</span></span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// 1</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">oops_again</span><span class="hljs-params">(widget_id w)</span>
</span>{
  widget_data data;
  <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-function">thread <span class="hljs-title">t</span><span class="hljs-params">(update_data_for_widget,w,data)</span></span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// 2</span>
  display_status();
  t.join();
  process_widget_data(data);
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x867D;&#x7136;update_data_for_widget&#x2460;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x4E2A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x671F;&#x5F85;&#x4F20;&#x5165;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;<code>std::thread</code>&#x7684;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x2461;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x77E5;&#x6653;&#xFF0C;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x65E0;&#x89C6;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x76F2;&#x76EE;&#x5730;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x5DF2;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#xFF0C;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4F1A;&#x5C06;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4EE5;&#x53F3;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x90A3;&#x4E9B;&#x53EA;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x540E;&#x4F1A;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE5;&#x53F3;&#x503C;&#x4E3A;&#x5B9E;&#x53C2;&#x8C03;&#x7528;update_data_for_widget&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x91CF;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;(&#x800C;&#x975E;&#x53F3;&#x503C;)&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x65F6;&#x51FA;&#x9519;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x719F;&#x6089;<code>std::bind</code>&#x7684;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8005;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x7684;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x529E;&#x6CD5;&#x5F88;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#xFF1A;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>std::ref</code>&#x5C06;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x6210;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x53EF;&#x5C06;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x6539;&#x4E3A;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++">std::thread t(update_data_for_widget,w,std::ref(data));
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x6837;update_data_for_widget&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x6536;&#x5230;data&#x7684;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x975E;data&#x7684;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x526F;&#x672C;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5C31;&#x80FD;&#x987A;&#x5229;&#x7684;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x4E86;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x719F;&#x6089;<code>std::bind</code>&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x5BF9;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x8FF0;&#x4F20;&#x53C2;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x611F;&#x5230;&#x964C;&#x751F;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;<code>std::thread</code>&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x548C;<code>std::bind</code>&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x5728;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5E93;&#x4E2D;&#x4EE5;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x3002;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5408;&#x9002;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> X
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span>:
  <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">do_lengthy_work</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>;
};
X my_x;
<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-function">thread <span class="hljs-title">t</span><span class="hljs-params">(&amp;X::do_lengthy_work, &amp;my_x)</span></span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// 1</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x6BB5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x65B0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5C06;&#x4F1A;&#x8C03;&#x7528;my_x.do_lengthy_work()&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;my_x&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x2460;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7ED9;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4E3A;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;<code>std::thread</code>&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x6B64;&#x7C7B;&#x63A8;(&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x8BD1;&#x8005;&#x81EA;&#x52A0;)&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> X
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span>:
  <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">do_lengthy_work</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)</span></span>;
};
X my_x;
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">num</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)</span></span>;
<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-function">thread <span class="hljs-title">t</span><span class="hljs-params">(&amp;X::do_lengthy_work, &amp;my_x, num)</span></span>;
</code></pre>
<p>&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x6709;&#x8DA3;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x5F62;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4EC5;&#x652F;&#x6301;<em>&#x79FB;&#x52A8;</em>(move)&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;<em>&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;</em>&#x3002;&#x201C;&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x201D;&#x662F;&#x6307;&#x539F;&#x59CB;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6743;&#x8F6C;&#x79FB;&#x7ED9;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x800C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5C31;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x5728;&#x539F;&#x59CB;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4E2D;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;(&#x8BD1;&#x8005;&#xFF1A;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x50CF;&#x5728;&#x6587;&#x672C;&#x7F16;&#x8F91;&#x7684;&#x526A;&#x5207;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;)&#x3002;<code>std::unique_ptr</code>&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;(&#x8BD1;&#x8005;&#xFF1A;C++11&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x667A;&#x80FD;&#x6307;&#x9488;)&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4E3A;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x5206;&#x914D;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x673A;&#x5236;(&#x8BD1;&#x8005;&#xFF1A;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x5783;&#x573E;&#x56DE;&#x6536;&#x673A;&#x5236;)&#x3002;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x5185;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>std::unique_ptr</code>&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x5F53;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x9500;&#x6BC1;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4E5F;&#x5C06;&#x88AB;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x3002;<em>&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x51FD;&#x6570;</em>(move constructor)&#x548C;<em>&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x8D4B;&#x503C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;</em>(move assignment operator)&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6743;&#x5728;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;<code>std::unique_ptr</code>&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x4E2D;&#x4F20;&#x9012;(&#x6709;&#x5173;&#x201C;&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x201D;&#x7684;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF0C;&#x8BF7;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x9644;&#x5F55;A&#x7684;A.1.1&#x8282;)&#x3002;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x201C;&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x201D;&#x8F6C;&#x79FB;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6743;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x7559;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7A7A;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x3002;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5C06;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x6210;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x53EF;&#x63A5;&#x53D7;&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x53C2;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x6EE1;&#x8DB3;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x8981;&#x6C42;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x539F;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x662F;&#x4E34;&#x65F6;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5F53;&#x539F;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x8F6C;&#x79FB;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x5C31;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>std::move()</code>&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5C55;&#x793A;&#x4E86;<code>std::move</code>&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x5C55;&#x793A;&#x4E86;<code>std::move</code>&#x662F;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x8F6C;&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6743;&#x5230;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x53BB;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c++">void process_big_object(std::unique_ptr&lt;big_object&gt;);

std::unique_ptr&lt;big_object&gt; p(new big_object);
p-&gt;prepare_data(42);
std::thread t(process_big_object,std::move(p));
</code></pre>
<p>&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5728;<code>std::thread</code>&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x6267;&#x884C;<code>std::move(p)</code>&#xFF0C;big_object &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6743;&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x88AB;&#x8F6C;&#x79FB;&#x5230;&#x65B0;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x518D;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x7ED9;process_big_object&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;</p>
<p>C++&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5E93;&#x4E2D;&#x548C;<code>std::unique_ptr</code>&#x5728;&#x6240;&#x5C5E;&#x6743;&#x4E0A;&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x6709;&#x597D;&#x51E0;&#x79CD;&#xFF0C;<code>std::thread</code>&#x4E3A;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x4E4B;&#x4E00;&#x3002;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#xFF0C;<code>std::thread</code>&#x4E0D;&#x50CF;<code>std::unique_ptr</code>&#x80FD;&#x5360;&#x6709;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6743;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5B83;&#x80FD;&#x5360;&#x6709;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#xFF1A;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x90FD;&#x8D1F;&#x8D23;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x3002;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6743;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;<code>std::thread</code>&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x4E2D;&#x8F6C;&#x79FB;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x4E8E;<code>std::thread</code>&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x7684;<em>&#x53EF;&#x79FB;&#x52A8;</em>&#x4E14;<em>&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x590D;&#x5236;</em>&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x590D;&#x5236;&#x6027;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5728;&#x67D0;&#x4E00;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x70B9;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>std::thread</code>&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x5173;&#x8054;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x6027;&#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8005;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x51B3;&#x5B9A;&#xFF0C;&#x54EA;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x62E5;&#x6709;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6743;&#x3002;</p>

                                
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